In the 1980s, a subset of children were noted to have an abrupt onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder, along with neuropsychiatric symptoms triggered by an infection of some kind. This lead to the development of diagnoses of PANS (Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome) and PANDAS (Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections).
There is a lot of work here in Arizona being done to raise awareness of these conditions among the public and providers. Our ADHS website hosts a page dedicated to PANS/PANDAS. The PACE Foundation is a nonprofit here in Arizona geared toward improving the diagnosis and treatment of patients with the condition. Visit either of these pages for more information and links.